There are several hardware manufacturers in the world for real-time EES simulation. RDTS Technologies from Canada (www.rtds.com) is a leader in the production of quality simulators, which are modular in execution and exceptional characteristics and references all over the world. Real-time simulation can only be quality with as little integration time as possible, whereby the RTDS simulator can achieve the integration time step of up to 50 μs (for the so-called “small-time-step modeling” up to 1.5 μs). The simulator is useful in several areas, but especially in testing various equipment, such as protection relays and equipment for keeping various closed-loop systems with a computer model EES.
